Southeast Asia Endures Intensifying Heatwave Amidst Climate Crisis

Southeast Asia is grappling with an unprecedented heatwave, underscoring the escalating impacts of climate change on the region. Despite forecasts predicting relief from the La Niña phenomenon, the cooling effects were minimal, leaving countries like Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam facing soaring temperatures earlier and more intensely than in previous years.

Early Onset and Widespread Impact

The heatwave commenced unusually early, with Jakarta and Manila experiencing prolonged high temperatures between December 2024 and February 2025. Scientists attribute the severity of these conditions to climate change, noting that approximately 70 out of the 90 days during this period were exacerbated by global warming.

In the Philippines, the extreme heat disrupted daily life and critical sectors such as agriculture and fisheries. March and April saw the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration issuing multiple warnings for “dangerous” heat indices, with temperatures ranging between 42°C and 51°C. These conditions led to increased risks of heat-related illnesses and prompted school closures in several regions.

Myanmar faced compounded challenges as the heatwave coincided with recovery efforts from a devastating 7.7 magnitude earthquake in March, which claimed over 3,600 lives. Survivors, many without access to power or sanitation, were forced to endure temperatures exceeding 44°C, further complicating humanitarian aid and increasing the risk of disease outbreaks.

Regional Responses and Future Outlook

Thailand reported “very dangerous” heat levels in Phuket and “dangerous” conditions in Bangkok and 34 other provinces by the end of April. The Meteorological Department indicated that perceived temperatures could reach up to 52°C, intensifying health risks for the population.

In Vietnam, while the heatwave was comparatively milder, with temperatures peaking at 38°C in northern and central provinces, authorities warned of potential severe rainfall and storms between April and June. The National Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting highlighted the likelihood of prolonged high temperatures in July and August, along with the potential landfall of three storms forming over the East Sea between July and September.

Climate Change: The Underlying Catalyst

The intensification of heatwaves in Southeast Asia is closely linked to climate change. A recent study revealed that human-induced climate change has added an extra month of extreme heat for approximately four billion people worldwide over the past year. These extreme temperatures have led to increased mortality rates, strained healthcare systems, and significant agricultural losses.

Experts emphasise the urgent need for comprehensive adaptation strategies, including the development of heat action plans, investment in climate-resilient infrastructure, and the implementation of early warning systems. Without immediate and sustained efforts to mitigate climate change and enhance regional resilience, Southeast Asia is likely to face increasingly severe and frequent heatwaves in the coming years.

Conclusion

The 2025 heatwave serves as a stark reminder of the tangible impacts of climate change on Southeast Asia. As temperatures continue to rise, the region must prioritise adaptive measures and international cooperation to safeguard vulnerable populations and ensure sustainable development amidst a changing climate.